Whalesbook
WTO Mein Hungama Kyun?
Developing countries ka kehna hai ki EU ka ye CBAM mechanism global trade rules ke khilaaf hai. Ye unki economies ke liye ek bada economic threat hai, kyunki isse unke carbon-intensive imports par extra paisa lagana padega, jaise steel, aluminum, cement aur fertilizers. Jab 2026 se iske certificates mandatory ho jayenge, toh EU importers ke liye cheezein mehngi ho jayengi.
Socho, India se steel export karne par $210 se $243 per ton tak ka extra charge lag sakta hai 2034 tak! Isse na sirf demand kam hogi, balki investment bhi un countries se hat kar kahin aur ja sakti hai. Analysts keh rahe hain ki 2035 tak CBAM ki wajah se €22 billion ka nuksaan ho sakta hai agar trade patterns nahi badle.
Legal Jung Aur Economic Reality
EU ka logic hai ki woh 'carbon leakage' rokna chahte hain aur apne desh ka Emissions Trading System (ETS) match karna chahte hain. Lekin WTO ke rules, jaise 'Most-Favoured Nation' aur 'National Treatment', kahenge ki sabko equal treat karna chahiye. Developing countries ka mann na hai ki CBAM unke liye unfair hai, kyunki unke paas abhi itni strong climate policies nahi hain jitni EU ke paas.
EU isse GATT Article XX ke under environmental protection ka reason de raha hai, but WTO mein pehle bhi aise cases mein environmental claims par strict conditions rahi hain. Aur sachai ye hai ki India jaise desh abhi apni steel capacity badha rahe hain aur unke liye turant green transition mehnga padega. Ye alag economic situation ek bada issue hai.
Is CBAM se Mozambique jaisi countries ka GDP 1.6% tak kam ho sakta hai. Upar se US ne already steel par 25% tariffs laga rakhe hain, jisse lagta hai ki industrial policy aksar free trade se upar ho jaati hai.
Badhti hui Global Inequality Ka Dar
Sabse badi chinta ye hai ki CBAM se global economic inequality aur badh jayegi. EU apne industries ko subsidies de raha hai, jabki developing countries ke paas resources nahi honge. Isse unki competitiveness kam ho jayegi aur woh global value chains se bahar ho sakte hain. EU apna climate policy export kar raha hai, par developing countries ke adaptation costs ko support nahi kar raha.
Agar EU ne developing countries ko proper financial aur tech support nahi diya, toh CBAM climate action ke naam par ek bada trade barrier hi rahega, jiski wajah se global tensions badh sakti hain aur developing economies ki industrialization ruk sakti hai.
Is poori situation se future ki investment aur energy-intensive industries ki competition ka landscape change ho sakta hai.