Aajkal stock market se loan lena, yani Loans Against Securities (LAS), kaafi common ho gaya hai. Iska sabse bada reason hai interest rate jo ki 8% se lekar 15% tak hota hai. Yeh unsecured personal loan wale 10% se 30% wale rates se kaafi kam hai. Matlab kam kharcha aur paise bhi mil gaye.
Log apne share portfolio ko collateral ke taur par use karte hain. Lender LTV (Loan-to-Value) ratio set karte hain, matlab tumhare shares ki market value ka 50% se 80% tak loan mil sakta hai. Stocks volatile hote hain, toh isme LTV ratio aur conservative rakha jaata hai.
Par asli game toh tab shuru hoti hai jab market girne lagta hai. Agar tumhare collateral (shares) ki value ek level se neeche chali gayi, toh lender "margin call" karta hai. Iska matlab tumhe aur paisa ya shares dalne honge LTV ratio maintain karne ke liye. Aur agar tumne yeh call meet nahi kiya, toh lender ko pura right mil jaata hai ki woh tumhare shares ko zabardasti bech de, chahe tumhari marzi ho ya na ho. Aur yeh sale aksar tab hoti hai jab market sabse neeche hota hai, jisse tumhara nuksaan aur badh jaata hai.
Seedhe shabdon mein, tumhara control khatam ho jaata hai. Kam interest rate attractive lag sakta hai, par forced selling ke karan tumhara sara paisa doob sakta hai, jo interest bachaya tha usse bhi zyada. Personal loan mein risk income ka hota hai, par LAS mein risk market ke unpredictable movements ka hai, jo lender ke rights se aur bhi dangerous ho jaata hai.
