India ab world mein 3rd position par hai renewable energy mein, aur lagbhag 5% global capacity hamari hai. FY25 mein 475 GW se FY30 tak 705 GW ka target rakha hai. Solar costs 60.6% aur wind costs 20.4% girne ki wajah se ye fossil fuels se bhi sasta ho gaya hai. Goal toh 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030 hai, aur 50% toh mid-2025 tak hi achieve ho jayega!
Par itni tezi se capacity badhane mein grid ko sambhalna ek bada challenge hai. Solar aur wind power intermittent hota hai, matlab jab mann kiya tab supply nahi dega. Isliye transmission aur distribution networks ko upgrade karne ke liye lagbhag $150 billion lagane padenge. Grid ko stable rakhne ke liye hybrid projects aur battery storage jaise solutions par zor diya ja raha hai.
Market mein Adani Green, NTPC, JSW Energy, Tata Power jaise bade players hain. India mein electricity banane ka LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity) kaafi competitive hai, solar tariffs toh ₹2/kWh tak gir gaye the. Lekin DISCOMs (distribution companies) ki financial health ek chinta ka vishay bani hui hai, kyunki unki problem se new projects sign hone mein der ho sakti hai.
Ab aate hain un challenges par jo headline mein nahi dikhte. India 100% lithium aur cobalt jaise zaruri minerals ke liye import par depend karta hai, mostly China se. Isse supply chain mein risk hai. Land acquisition aur regulatory hurdles bhi kaam mein der karte hain. Companies ke liye capex bahut zyada hai, aur debt bhi 8x tak ja sakta hai EBITDA ke comparison mein. Adani Green jaise companies ke chairman par lage aaropon ne bhi investor confidence hila diya tha.
In sab challenges ke bawajood, future outlook kaafi positive lag raha hai. Government policies, new technologies aur investors ka interest bana hua hai. Capacity ke liye $175 billion aur grid ke liye $150 billion tak ka investment chahiye. Green hydrogen aur storage pe bhi focus hai, jo future mein power ko stable banayega.