Manufacturing Mein 'Chamatkar' ki Koshish?
Government ne manufacturing ko country ka growth engine banane ka full plan bana liya hai. Aur ye sirf baatein nahi hain, PLI schemes (Production Linked Incentive) mein paisa bhi badha diya gaya hai. Fiscal 2026 ke liye iske disbursements ₹15,637 crore tak pahunch gaye hain, jo Fiscal 2022 mein sirf ₹1.2 crore the. Matlab, sarkar is sector ko boost karne mein seriously invest kar rahi hai. Global market mein bhi changes aa rahe hain, jahan companies apna supply chain diversify kar rahi hain, iska fayda India utha sakta hai.
Toh Kya Sab Kuch Aasan Hai? (Spoiler: Nahi!)
Par bhai, itna aasan nahi hai. India manufacturing mein ~17% GDP pe atak gaya hai jabki China aur Vietnam jaise desh ~25% tak pahunch gaye hain. Ek bada issue hai hamare Micro, Small, aur Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) ka. Ye bahut scattered hain aur bade scale pe kaam karne ki capacity kam hai. Sirf 0.4% micro enterprises hi small businesses ban paati hain annually.
Dusra bada panga hai imports par dependence. Electronics aur semiconductors jaise high-tech sectors mein hum abhi bhi bahar se bahut kuch mangate hain. Mobile phone manufacturing mein bhi display aur camera module jaise components ke liye 40-45% tak ka import bill hai. Semiconductors mein toh hum lagbhag 90-95% import karte hain.
Logistics ka bhi scene hai. Haan, PM Gati Shakti jaise initiatives se cost kam hui hai (lagbhag 7.97% of GDP, jo pehle 13-14% tha), par abhi bhi seamless connectivity mein gaps hain.
Criticisms Aur Challenges
Kuch experts, jaise former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan, ka kehna hai ki sirf PLI schemes par itna zyada depend karna galat hai. Yeh subsidies par over-dependence badha sakta hai aur structural issues ko solve nahi karta. Textile sector bhi usi problem se lad raha hai - fragmentation, old tech, aur funding ki kami.
Fitch Ratings ne bhi kaha hai ki budget mein spending toh hai par land aur labour reforms jaise critical reforms miss ho gaye hain jo manufacturing ke liye zaroori hain. MSMEs ka chhota scale aur innovation ki kami ek bahut bada challenge hai.
Future Outlook Kya Kehta Hai?
Government ka plan hai ki industrial corridors banayein, customs process ko smooth karein, aur waterways ko improve karein. Semiconductor sector mein bhi advanced nodes (jaise 7nm, 3nm) develop karne ka target hai.
Analysts ka kehna hai ki agar reforms chalte rahe, toh India manufacturing mein global supply chain ka fayda utha sakta hai aur GDP growth badha sakta hai. Pharmaceutical sector toh pehle se hi strong hai aur semiconductor market bhi badhne wala hai, par import dependency ek bada hurdle rahegi. Ultimately, sab kuch execution par depend karta hai ki sarkar apne targets ko practical improvements mein kaise convert karti hai.