Whalesbook
ASUSE survey kaafi interesting cheezein bata rahi hai. Apne informal sector mein, jo businesses apne yahan logon ko kaam pe rakhti hain (inka naam hai Hired Worker Enterprises ya HWEs), woh har worker par saal mein lagbhag ₹2.3 lakh Gross Value Added (GVA) generate karti hain.
Ab jo khud ka business karte hain, matlab sole proprietorships (inka naam hai Own-Account Enterprises ya OAEs), woh sirf ₹1.16 lakh GVA per worker kama paate hain. Matlab HWEs lagbhag double kama rahi hain! Poore unincorporated sector ka average GVA per worker ₹1.56 lakh hai. HWEs ki yeh high productivity ka reason hai zyada paisa lagana (capital investment), kaam ka division aur nayi technologies ka use karna.
Yeh productivity ka farak seedsha states ki wages par dikhta hai. Jo states high-productivity economy hain, jaise Uttarakhand, Telangana, Kerala, Maharashtra aur Delhi, wahan workers ko average se zyada milta hai. Wahin, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar aur West Bengal jaise states low-productivity aur low-wage ke cycle mein fansi hui hain. Nationally, HWE workers ko GVA ka roughly 65% wages ke roop mein milta hai. States jahan business karna aasan hai aur infrastructure accha hai (sadkein, bijli), wahan informal sector ki productivity bhi zyada hai.
Ab yeh dekhte hain ki yeh 'kamai' bantti kaise hai. India mein, HWE workers ko GVA ka lagbhag 65% milta hai. Major states mein Kerala sabse aage hai, jahan workers ko GVA ka 75% milta hai. Par kuch states jaise Maharashtra aur Punjab, jahan output accha hai, wahan workers ko GVA ka share kam milta hai. Formal aur informal sector ki wages mein bhi bada gap hai. Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, aur Bihar mein yeh gap sabse zyada hai, jahan formal workers informal se 7 guna zyada kama sakte hain. Telangana (gap approx 1.4 guna) aur Kerala (1.8 guna) mein yeh parity behtar hai.
Jo states peeche hain, jaise UP, Odisha, West Bengal, unke saamne badi problem hai ki wahan chote OAEs bahut zyada hain, jinke paas na zyada paisa hai na hi achhi technology. Yeh log growth ke bajaye sirf survive karne par focus karte hain, market se connect karna mushkil hota hai. Inhe loan milna aur digital tools use karna bhi mushkil hota hai, isliye yeh competitors se peeche reh jaate hain.
Yeh low productivity national economy ko bhi slow karti hai, growth potential kam ho jata hai. Formal aur informal wage gap social inequality badha raha hai, jisse instability aur consumption growth mein bhi problem ho sakti hai. States ke beech ka yeh farak ek uneven competition create karta hai. Agar economy aise informal sector par zyada depend kare toh external shocks se deal karna bhi mushkil ho jata hai.
Is problem ko solve karne ke liye sabko milkar kaam karna hoga. Productivity badhani hogi, paisa aur technology lagani hogi. Workers tak sahi wages pahunchein, is par bhi focus karna hoga. Aur companies ko grow karne ke liye encourage karna hoga. Digital infrastructure ka use karke chote businesses ko market access mil sakta hai aur woh formal economy se jud sakte hain, jisse sabhi regions mein sabka fayda ho.