Whalesbook
India ki economic growth zabardast chal rahi hai, aur projections ke mutabik 2025 tak iska nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) lagbhag $4.51 trillion ho jayega, jo Japan jaise deshon ko peeche chhodkar ise ek global economic powerhouse bana dega. Iski growth ko mazboot FDI inflows se bhi support mil raha hai, jo FY 2024-25 mein $81.04 billion tak pahunch gaye, jo pichhle saal se 14% zyada hai. Yeh India ke market aur reform agenda mein sustainable international confidence dikhata hai. Sarkari capital expenditure (capex) bhi tezi se badh raha hai, jismein Union Budget 2025-26 ne Rs 11.2 lakh crore allocate kiye hain, jo 2020-21 ke muqable dugune se bhi zyada hai. Yeh roads, railways, aur urban projects mein infrastructure development ko drive kar raha hai. Desh ka clean energy par focus bhi saaf dikhta hai, renewable energy capacity additions 2025 mein record 44.51 GW tak pahunch gayi hain.
Is impressive macroeconomic growth ke bawajood, India ki development story mein ek chinta bani hui hai: per capita income ka dheema rise. International Monetary Fund (IMF) ne India ki nominal per capita income 2025 mein $2,818 projected ki hai, jo China ke estimated over $13,300 aur advanced economies ke $40,000+ ke muqable bahut kam hai. Economist isse contradiction nahi, balki rapid growth ke sequence ka hissa mante hain. Total economic size, jo geopolitical influence aur fiscal capacity badhata hai, aksar individual incomes se tezi se badhta hai rapid growth ke dauran.
India ki low per capita income ke piche kuch deep-seated structural issues hain. Workforce ka ek bada hissa, lagbhag 46.1%, abhi bhi agriculture aur allied activities mein engage hai, jo GDP mein kam yogdan dete hain (around 17.8% in 2023-24). Yeh imbalance average earnings ko kam karta hai. Iske alawa, an estimated 82% India ki workforce informal sector mein hai, jahan formal contracts, stable wages, aur social security nahi hoti. Limited urbanization bhi bade sections ko lower-productivity employment mein confine karti hai. Female labor force participation rate bhi kam hai, jo untapped human capital potential dikhata hai.
Economist India ke is phase ko 'twin reality' batate hain, jahan booming GDP aur lagging per capita income saath-saath chal rahe hain. Financial inclusion, digital payments, aur GST jaise reforms economy ko formalize karne aur higher-productivity sectors ki taraf activity push karne mein madad kar rahe hain. IMF ne India ki real GDP growth FY 2025-26 ke liye 7.3% projected ki hai. Lekin, per capita income mein sustained improvements garibi kam karne, social stability, aur demographic dividend ka fayda uthane ke liye zaroori hain. Experts ka kehna hai ki economic scale ke strategic fayde aur household living standards mein tangible improvements ko sath-sath dekhna chahiye. Per capita income ki challenge ko nazar-andaaz karne se long-term confidence kam ho sakti hai aur social pressures badh sakte hain.