Passengers Face Overland Travel
Jazeera Airways' decision to operate all India flights from Dammam, Saudi Arabia, starting March 26, 2026, shows the major disruption caused by the escalating Israel-Iran conflict. Kuwait International Airport's civilian operations are suspended due to damage from missile and drone strikes. This forces passengers to make a complex journey from Kuwait to Dammam by land, involving border checks and transit visas. While Dammam's King Fahd International Airport is upgrading its capacity, relying on this alternative hub introduces new operational complexities and possible delays for thousands of Indian expatriates, a key part of the airline's passenger base. The airline expects this arrangement could last up to a year, even after fighting stops.
Maintaining India Routes for Diaspora
With Kuwait's airspace closed since late February, Jazeera Airways serves as a vital link for the Indian diaspora, over 1 million strong in Kuwait. Other regional carriers such as IndiGo, Air India Express, and Akasa Air had already stopped flights to Kuwait. Jazeera Airways has requested Indian government approval to temporarily fly to four more Indian cities, indicating strong demand. This shift to Dammam also helps other airlines; Gulf Air, for example, is flying repatriation flights to the Indian subcontinent via Dammam due to airspace issues in Bahrain. This shared use of Saudi hubs points to a temporary consolidation of regional transit operations.
Financial Pressures Rise
Despite Jazeera Airways reporting record profits for FY 2025, ongoing geopolitical instability poses significant risks. The airline's debt-to-equity ratio of 363.25% could become a weakness if operating costs keep rising. Global airlines are already seeing stock prices fall due to the conflict. Fuel prices, which have reportedly doubled in some instances due to the conflict, are a major cost pressure, particularly as many US airlines do not hedge fuel costs. The longer rerouting and complex transit logistics mean higher operating costs, possible delays and disruptions, and a worse travel experience for passengers. Uncertainty about how long the conflict will last, with forecasts for continued instability and potential escalation, means the financial strain on airlines like Jazeera could continue for some time. Additionally, damage to Kuwait International Airport raises questions about its recovery timeline and the continued need to rely on alternative hubs like Dammam, which is expanding but must now manage unexpected increases in traffic.
Long-Term Plans and Industry Trends
Jazeera Airways' CEO, Barathan Pasupathi, expects this alternative travel arrangement to continue for up to a year. The airline is also planning network expansion, with new aircraft deliveries set to begin in 2026. The current crisis may speed up a trend towards more varied operational hubs within the GCC for airlines facing geopolitical pressure. The aviation sector's resilience is being tested, as analysts warn of continued volatility and potential for lasting changes in global air transport patterns if regional conflicts persist. Despite these challenges, the Middle East aviation market is forecast to grow, with airlines and airports investing in expansion to meet future demand, while maintaining an increased focus on geopolitical risks.