France’s National Assembly has approved a law allowing adults with incurable, terminal illnesses to access lethal medication under strict conditions. The bill passed with 291 votes in favor and 241 against, following years of national debate. The legislation now faces a mandatory constitutional review before it can be fully implemented.
The French National Assembly has passed a landmark piece of legislation that permits assisted dying for adults suffering from incurable, life-threatening illnesses. The bill, which received 291 votes in favor and 241 against, follows an extensive, multi-year national discussion on end-of-life care that was championed by President Emmanuel Macron’s administration.
Eligibility and Medical Safeguards
To access this procedure, individuals must meet several strict legal requirements. Applicants must be at least 18 years old and either a French citizen or a legal resident. A medical team is required to confirm that the patient suffers from a serious, incurable condition in an advanced or terminal stage, which causes unbearable pain that cannot be relieved through other means. The law specifically excludes individuals suffering only from psychological distress or those with severe psychiatric or neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Procedure and Patient Autonomy
Under the new law, the process is initiated by the patient. Once a request is made, a medical team has 15 days to conduct a thorough review of the case. Following this, a mandatory reflection period of at least two days is required before final confirmation. If approved, patients may choose the time and place for the procedure, which can occur at home with family present. The law allows for self-administration, with medical support provided if the patient has physical limitations. The French national health insurance system is set to cover the costs associated with the procedure, and medical professionals must verify the patient’s consent immediately before the medication is administered.
Constitutional Review and Public Response
Although the bill has cleared the National Assembly, it is not yet law. Senate President Gérard Larcher and Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu have confirmed plans to refer the measure to the Constitutional Council to ensure it aligns with French law. The Council has one month to complete its review. Public sentiment remains divided; while many support the move as an extension of personal autonomy, groups such as Alliance Vita have raised concerns that the law might weaken the focus on palliative care or create pressure on vulnerable populations. The outcome of the Constitutional Council’s review will be the final step before the legislation can be officially enacted.