Tata's Gujarat Battery Plant Advances Localization Strategy
The Tata Group's venture, Agratas, has advanced its Sanand, Gujarat battery manufacturing facility into a production-ready phase, marked by the completion of its main steel structure. Scheduled to begin operations in 2027, this facility represents a key step in Tata's broader strategy to strengthen India's electric vehicle (EV) and energy storage sector. The initial 20 GWh capacity is earmarked primarily to meet internal demand from Tata Motors and Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), ensuring a more integrated supply chain as these companies electrify their vehicle lineups. This move aligns with India's national goal to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce reliance on imports, especially from China, which leads global battery cell production.
Plant Capacity and Market Competition
The Sanand plant's first phase will add 20 GWh to global battery output. This is a significant but relatively modest figure compared to established global players. China's CATL and BYD currently lead the global EV battery market with capacities far exceeding this, reaching over 350 GWh and 150 GWh respectively by 2025. While Agratas's production will be critical for Tata's internal needs and its goal of up to 85% EV supply chain localization, it enters a highly competitive market. The global lithium-ion battery market was valued at over $150 billion in 2025, largely driven by EV demand. India's Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cells (ACC) aims to stimulate domestic manufacturing with INR 18,100 crore, setting targets for investment and domestic value addition. However, progress in this scheme has been described as slow, with actual commissioned capacity falling short of targets by late 2025. Agratas's project benefits from strong initial demand visibility, backed by its parent group and anchor customers like Tata Motors and JLR.
Construction Details and Project Support
The Sanand facility's main structure covers 105,000 square meters and used over 24,000 tonnes of steel. Tata Projects Limited, an experienced firm in large-scale infrastructure development, is managing the project. This includes their prior work building India's first semiconductor facility, also in Sanand, Gujarat. Tata Consulting Engineers (TCE) is also involved, providing expertise in project management and integrated engineering solutions. Sourcing materials mainly from within India supports the "Make in India" initiative and Tata's localization goals. This facility, along with Agratas's planned 40 GWh gigafactory in the UK, are key parts of the Tata Group's strategic investment in the new energy sector, with INR 950 crore invested in Agratas as of September 2024.
Supply Chain Risks and Market Hurdles
Despite this construction milestone, Agratas and India's battery manufacturing sector face significant challenges. The global battery supply chain remains heavily concentrated, with China controlling over 80% of production. Dependence on imported raw materials like lithium and cobalt creates ongoing risks from supply and price volatility. Furthermore, India's EV market, while growing strongly, is still developing. It faces challenges such as insufficient charging infrastructure and a price gap with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, which slows widespread adoption. A significant strategic risk emerged when JLR recently shelved plans to manufacture EVs at a new plant in Tamil Nadu. This was due to difficulties in balancing cost and quality for local components, highlighting the complexities of localizing EV production. While Agratas aims to start operations by 2027, the overall slow progress of India's ACC PLI scheme suggests possible difficulties in executing large-scale battery projects.
Future Plans and Integration
Agratas's Sanand facility is set to support Tata Motors' and JLR's expanding EV portfolios, which are crucial for their market share in India. Tata Motors leads India's EV market currently, though competition from players like Mahindra & Mahindra and MG Motor is increasing. The facility's output aims to provide greater control over the most expensive EV component, a key strategy as Tata Motors targets 30% EV sales by 2030. The success of this venture is closely tied to the broader adoption of EVs in India and Agratas's ability to scale production efficiently while managing supply chain issues and technological changes. The planned 20 GWh capacity is expected to work alongside Tata Technologies' role in product development and enterprise systems, aiming to speed up timelines and integrate battery cells into modules and packs.