The path to reducing emissions intensity hinges on rapidly deploying renewables and transmission lines. However, these areas have historically faced significant delays due to land acquisition, financing issues, and regulatory hurdles. Similarly, achieving a substantial carbon sink relies heavily on afforestation and other land-based projects.
Policy Consistency Questions
Questions about policy consistency arise when forest land, crucial for carbon sinks, is frequently diverted for development. For instance, over 13,000 hectares of forest land were recently allocated for projects on the Great Nicobar islands alone. Further clouding the picture, India's updated climate plan (NDC) lacks detailed roadmaps for how individual sectors will achieve these reductions. This leaves uncertainty about how emissions from heavy industries and transport will be managed.
Coal Reliance and Funding Gaps
Expanding coal-based power generation to meet immediate demand risks undermining progress in renewable energy. India plans to add 97,000 megawatts of new coal and lignite thermal capacity by 2034-35. Significant financing is required, but domestic budget limits and unpredictable international climate funds add complexity to implementation. This drive to balance growth with decarbonisation could strain institutional capabilities. While India's climate goals signal its intent, success hinges on clear monitoring, achievable timelines, and the discipline to execute plans realistically. The consistency of political commitment also remains a concern.