Groww, a prominent stockbroking platform, is experiencing a significant transformation in its user base composition. The company has observed a clear trend where less engaged "lower-quality" traders, particularly those active in Options and Futures (F&O), are departing the platform. Concurrently, "high-quality" users, who demonstrate a better understanding of F&O products and transact more actively, are growing in number and increasing their engagement.
Management highlights that the Average Orders Per User (AOPU) has risen by 10-20 percent, primarily attributed to these more experienced and dedicated traders. Groww's co-founder and CFO, Ishan Bansal, stated that users who previously placed few orders with small turnover have exited, allowing the platform to better serve customers who grasp F&O as a product more effectively. The company views this user churn as a positive development, beneficial for both Groww and the broader financial industry.
This commentary emerges at a time when rival Zerodha's founder, Nithin Kamath, has publicly expressed concerns that potential F&O curbs or bans on weekly options could reduce broker revenues by up to 40 percent, potentially forcing brokers to reconsider their "zero brokerage" business models.
Groww's recent quarterly results reflect this underlying strength. In Q2 FY26, the company's net profit increased by approximately 12 percent year-on-year to about ₹471 crore. Although revenue saw a year-on-year decline, it improved sequentially, supported by a sharp fall in expenses. The active user base grew to around 14.8 million, helping to maintain margins despite ongoing F&O market headwinds.
These shifts are happening against the backdrop of regulatory changes. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has implemented a series of derivatives reforms since late 2024, with more significant rules set to take effect from October 1, 2025. These include a revised Market-Wide Position Limit (MWPL) framework tied to free-float market capitalization and cash-market delivery volumes, new individual position limits for single-stock derivatives, and enhanced risk controls. Earlier changes, effective November 21, 2024, already adjusted F&O lot sizes and consolidated weekly index expiries to Nifty and Sensex.
Impact
This news has a moderate impact on the Indian stock market, particularly on the brokerage sector. It signals potential shifts in customer acquisition and revenue models for online trading platforms, influenced by regulatory changes and evolving trader behavior. Brokerages that rely heavily on high-frequency F&O trading may need to adapt their strategies and cost structures. Investor confidence in platforms focusing on quality engagement rather than sheer volume could be boosted.
Rating: 7/10
Definitions:
- F&O (Futures & Options): These are derivative contracts, a type of financial security whose value is derived from an underlying asset (like a stock, index, or commodity). Futures involve an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a future date. Options give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specific price on or before a certain date. They are often used for speculation or hedging.
- AOPU (Average Orders Per User): This metric represents the average number of trades or orders placed by a single user on the platform over a specific period. A higher AOPU indicates more active trading by users.
- Turnover: In trading, turnover refers to the total value of all shares or contracts bought and sold over a specific period.
- Churn: In a business context, churn refers to the rate at which customers stop doing business with a company. In this case, it refers to traders exiting the Groww platform.
- Brokerage Models: Refers to the business strategies and pricing structures that stockbroking firms use to generate revenue. "Zero brokerage" models typically offer commission-free trades but may earn revenue through other means, like premium services or order flow.
- SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India): The statutory regulatory body responsible for regulating the Indian securities market.
- MWPL (Market-Wide Position Limit): A regulatory limit set by SEBI on the total number of outstanding derivative contracts (futures and options) that can be held by all market participants collectively for a particular underlying security or index.
- Free-float market cap: The market capitalization of a publicly traded company that is available for trading by the general public. It excludes shares held by promoters, government, or other strategic/insider holdings.
- Cash-market delivery volumes: Refers to the volumes of shares traded in the spot or cash market that are settled by physical delivery of shares, as opposed to derivatives contracts.
- Derivatives: Financial contracts whose value is derived from an underlying asset, index, or interest rate. Examples include futures and options.
- Lot Sizes: The standard quantity of a particular security or commodity that must be traded as a single unit in the derivatives market. SEBI has revised these sizes.
- Index Expiries: Refers to the date on which an options or futures contract based on a stock market index ceases to exist. Changes mean specific indices now have these expiries.