Niti Aayog Calls for Tariff Cuts, PV Focus
Niti Aayog, India's top government thinktank, has recommended a strategic shift in the automotive sector to bolster global competitiveness and expand exports. In its "Trade Watch Quarterly" report released Tuesday, the body urged the government to reduce tariffs, foster two-way trade agreements, and redirect production towards high-demand segments, particularly passenger vehicles.
Export Mismatch: Motorcycles vs. Passenger Vehicles
India's automotive exports are gaining traction but remain modest. The nation accounts for just $30 billion of the $2.2 trillion global automotive import market, a mere 1.4% share. While Indian manufacturers hold a strong 9% export share in motorcycles, a segment comprising only 3% of global demand, they lag significantly in passenger vehicles. Passenger vehicles constitute 71% of global trade, yet India's contribution is only about 1%.
Domestic Protectionism Hinders Global Integration
Historically, India's automotive industry has been shaped by a tariff regime favoring domestic manufacturing, with finished vehicle tariffs often exceeding 80-100%. This protected structure has resulted in limited intra-industry trade (IIT), below 20%, unlike global leaders such as Germany and South Korea, where low tariffs and high IIT signify deep integration. China's model, with moderate tariffs and higher IIT, offers a balanced approach.
Path to Global Competitiveness
To ascend the global value chain, India must pivot from protectionism towards lower input tariffs, enhanced logistics, and alignment with international standards. The Niti Aayog report emphasizes prioritizing quality, branding, and global outreach, including stricter import standards and robust export promotion via diplomatic channels. Accelerating technology transfer through joint ventures and rationalizing export incentives are also critical steps. Recalibrating the PLI-AUTO scheme to include a broader range of vehicles and ease thresholds for smaller enterprises is also proposed.